Hidrologia - O que é e qual a importância?
A hidrologia é a ciência que se dedica ao estudo das águas no planeta. Estudando a ocorrência em determinados locais, sua circulação através do Ciclo Hidrológico, suas propriedades químicas e físicas e a interação da água com o meio ambiente.
Há uma interação entre a água e o meio ambiente estudada pela hidrologia, que são: escoamento superficial, infiltração de água no solo, evaporação, entre outros.
Ao longo dos anos, a hidrologia tem crescido devido aos problemas e desafios crescentes, que são resultados da ocupação das bacias hidrográficas, do uso significativo da água e do impacto sobre o meio ambiente do planeta Terra.
A hidrologia abrange profissionais de diversas áreas como engenheiros, agrônomos, geólogos, matemáticos, estatísticos, geógrafos, biólogos, entre muitos outros profissionais que podem atuar nas diferentes subáreas desse segmento.
Importância da Hidrologia:
A água é o bem mais precioso do planeta, cerca de 71% da superfície da Terra é coberta por água, assim como compõe 60% do peso corporal de um adulto saudável, sendo um líquido essencial para nossas vidas.
Ou seja, sem água, a vida na Terra não seria possível. Com isso, é possível entender que a água é essencial para as nossas vidas, seja na agricultura, na indústria, no nosso dia a dia e na natureza.
A hidrologia é importante para entender todos os efeitos da água em nosso planeta e consequentemente em nossas vidas.
Com ela, é possível entender a formação dos rios, lagos, oceanos, bacias hidrográficas, prospectar poços e aquíferos, manipular a água em grande escala para atender a demanda agrícola e industrial e as demandas das cidades, tratamentos, análise da qualidade da água, entre outros.
Considerada, também, muito importante para os engenheiros civis e ambientais, que atuam na construção de estruturas nas mais diversas topologias e na interação entre a água e o solo.
Além de ser necessária para entender os fenômenos, como: enchentes, deslizamentos, erosões, estiagem, etc., e desenvolver estratégias para prevenir e monitorar os desastres naturais e amenizar os seus impactos sobre a população.
No momento em que uma das maiores preocupações da sociedade é a escassez de água doce, a hidrologia se torna uma ciência altamente importante para a humanidade!
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